The spoils of war

The spoils of war (65)

Return to Madinah While the Muslims were heading back to Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ received a revelation from Allah concerning the distribution of the spoils of war.

One-fifth of the booty was set aside for the Prophet ﷺ, and the rest was to be distributed among those who fought in the battle. He became the first prophet ﷺwho was allowed to share in the spoils of war. Allah also ordained that Nadir bin Harith be executed, and Ali beheaded him. Later, the command to kill Utbah bin Abu Mu’ayt was given, and Asim bin Thabit Ansari beheaded him (but some sources indicate that it was Ali bin Abi Talib who slew him).

Upon hearing the news of the great victory, many of the
citizens of Madinah travelled toward Badr in hopes of being the first to congratulate the Prophet ﷺ . They met the victorious Muslims in Ruha, and accompanied them back to Madinah. The sight of the triumphant Muslims entering Madinah with dozens of captives led many people to become Muslim.

The captives

After reaching Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ held consultations
regarding the prisoners of war. Abu Bakr said that they should let the Quraysh buy their freedom, while Umar was in favour of executing all of them. The Prophet ﷺ decided to set them free in return for ransom, which ranged from one thousand to four thousand dinars. Those who could not pay and were literate were required to teach ten Muslim children each by way of ransoms. Those unable to do either were set free anyway.

A poignant sidelight of this battle was the capture and
subsequent ransom of Abdul Aas, the Prophet’s son-in-law. Zaynab , the Prophet’s daughter, who was the wife of Abdul Aas, was still in Makkah and she sent a necklace to ransom her husband. The Prophet ﷺ recognised the necklace. He himself had given this to his daughter as a wedding gift. His eyes filled with tears, and he sought the consent of his Companions to fee Abdul Aas without ransom. The Companions agreed, and Abdul Aas was freed on the condition that he would let Zaynab migrate to Madinah.

After he returned to Makkah , Zaynab was allowed to join her father in Madinah.
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