Introduction
The Hijrah — the migration of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ from Makkah to Madinah — marks a turning point in Islamic history. It was not just a physical journey but a powerful symbol of sacrifice, trust in Allah, and the beginning of a new era for the Muslim Ummah. This event laid the foundation for the first Islamic state and the spread of Islam across the world.
Background: Persecution in Makkah
For 13 years, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ preached the message of Islam in Makkah. Despite his truthfulness, compassion, and wisdom, the Quraysh leaders fiercely opposed him. Muslims were subjected to severe persecution — tortured, boycotted, and even killed. The Prophet himself faced endless hostility, insults, and threats.
When the opposition grew unbearable and life became dangerous for the believers, Allah gave permission for the Muslims to migrate.
The Secret Planning of Quraysh
The Quraysh were determined to stop the message of Islam. When they saw Muslims gradually migrating to Yathrib (later called Madinah), they plotted to kill the Prophet ﷺ. According to Surah Al-Anfal (8:30):
“And [remember, O Muhammad], when those who disbelieved plotted against you to restrain you or kill you or evict you [from Makkah]. But they plan, and Allah plans. And Allah is the best of planners.”
A group of Quraysh leaders gathered to execute the plan, but Allah had already prepared a way out for His Messenger.
The Night of Hijrah
On the night of the planned assassination, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ asked his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) to sleep in his bed — a brave act of loyalty and love. With Allah’s protection, the Prophet ﷺ slipped away from Makkah with his close companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (RA).
The two took refuge in the cave of Thawr, where they stayed for three nights while the Quraysh searched desperately for them.
The Cave of Thawr: A Lesson in Tawakkul (Trust in Allah)
One of the most touching moments during this journey was when Abu Bakr (RA) feared for their lives as the Quraysh approached the entrance of the cave. The Prophet ﷺ calmed him, saying:
“Do not be sad. Indeed, Allah is with us.” (Surah At-Tawbah 9:40)
This profound statement teaches Muslims to place their trust in Allah during times of fear and uncertainty.
The Journey to Madinah
After leaving the cave, the Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr (RA) took an unconventional route to avoid detection. Along the way, many miracles and signs of divine help occurred. A man named Suraqah ibn Malik, who was chasing them for a reward, had his horse sink into the sand repeatedly until he begged for safety and later accepted Islam.
The Joyful Arrival in Madinah
When the Prophet ﷺ finally reached Madinah, he was welcomed with open arms by the Ansar (helpers), the people of Madinah who had already embraced Islam. The famous welcome song, “Tala‘al Badru ‘Alayna,” was sung by children and adults alike to express their happiness at his arrival.
The Prophet ﷺ united the Muhajirun (migrants) and the Ansar in brotherhood, laid the foundation of the first Islamic community, and established the Constitution of Madinah — one of the first written constitutions in history.
Significance of the Hijrah
The Hijrah was so significant that it marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. It teaches us:
- Patience in hardship
- Reliance on Allah
- Planning with trust in divine wisdom
- Brotherhood and unity
- Sacrifice for faith
Conclusion
The journey from Makkah to Madinah was not just a migration — it was a mission that transformed the course of human history. It turned a persecuted minority into a strong, united community centered on justice, mercy, and submission to Allah. Today, Muslims draw inspiration from the Hijrah in facing their own trials, always remembering that with hardship comes ease, and with trust in Allah comes victory.