The First Battle of Badr (59)
The first Sariyya (singular form of Saraya) that the Prophet ﷺ
dispatched was called Sariyya Saif Al-Bahar. It took place in Ramadan, 1 A.H. (the first year of the Prophet’s migration or Hijrah: A.H. refers to After Hijrah). The Prophet’s uncle Hamzah bin Abdul Muttalib led the squadron accompanied by thirty Muhajireen. They headed for the coast of the Red Sea on the outskirts of Ais and came across a caravan headed by Abu Jahl that was returning from Syria.
A battle
almost erupted when the two parties faced each other, but Majdi bin Amr Jahni intervened and matters subsided.
This was the first Sariyya in the history of Islam. The Muslims
rode beneath a white standard (the first ever used by Muslims) borne by Abu Marthad bin Haseen Ghanwi .
In the following months, the Prophet ﷺ sent a number of
Saraya one after the other. Abu Ubaydah bin Harith led a party of sixty Muhajireen to Batn Rabi. They came across Abu Sufyan and two hundred Makkans. Arrows were shot from both sides but there was no combat. Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas was dispatched along with twenty Muhajireen to Rabigh near Kharar, but the men returned without having had to fight.
Then in Safar, 2 A.H., for the first time, the Prophet ﷺ
himself went out to battle accompanied by seventy Muhajireen. They journeyed to Awba or Wadan, but once again they did not come across any enemies. However, it was during this journey that the Prophet ﷺ finalised a treaty of peace and cooperation with Amr bin Makshi al Dhamri.
The following month (Rabi’ Al-Awwal, 2 A.H.), the Prophet ﷺ led a group of men to Buwat on the outskirts of Radwi. During the same month, Kuz bin Jabir Al-Fihri rustled some grazing cattle belonging to the Muslims. The Prophet ﷺ gathered seventy Muhajireen and chased him to Safwan on the outskirts of Badr, but Kurz escaped. This expedition is known as the First Battle of Badr.
The Prophet ﷺ also led a squadron of 150 to 200 Muhajireen in either Jamad Al-Awwal or Jamad Al-Thani, 2 A.H. They went to Dhul Ashira to intercept a caravan headed for Syria, but it had passed a few days before they arrived. During this journey the Prophet ﷺ finalised a non-aggression pact with Banu Madlaj. To further steel his men in the art of warfare, the Prophet ﷺ
sent Abdullah bin Jash Asadi along with twelve Muhajireen to Nakhlah (an area between Makkah and Ta’if) in Rajab, 2 A.H. Their objective was to
gather intelligence about a caravan financed by the Quraysh.
Abdullah’s men attacked the caravan and killed one person. They also took two captives whom they brought back to Madinah.
When the Prophet ﷺ heard about what had happened, he
became very upset. He set the prisoners free and paid blood money to the victim’s family.
The Quraysh protested vehemently about this attack because it took place in Rajab, one of the “prohibited months,”
the period during which fighting is unlawful.
Allah revealed the following verse in reference to the Muslim
attack on the caravan:
“They ask you concerning fighting in the prohibited months. Say: Fighting during these months is a grave offense, but preventing people from following the path of Allah, disbelieving in Him, preventing access to the Sacred Mosque and driving out its residents are greater offenses with Allah. Unrest and oppression are worse than killing.” (2: 217)
But these weren’t the only changes , The biggest change is about to happen next. 
Do you want to know what happened 
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